Caracterização epidemiológica da malária no município de Porto Grande no Estado do Amapá, com ênfase à distribuição espacial no ano de 2010

Abstract

Currently, it is understood that the health-disease process is determined by multifactorial integration that gathers the man, the environment, the vector and the etiological agent. In this context, among the endemic diseases in the Amazon region the one that stands out is malaria, which is an acute febrile infectious disease whose etiologic agents are protozoa (Plasmodium sp) transmitted by Anopheles vectors. That continues to be seen today, in the global context, as a serious public health problem, mostly affecting developing countries of tropical and subtropical climate. In Brazil, its cases are concentrated in the Amazon region and the State of Amapá stands out epidemiologically for its municipalities register positive cases of malaria every year, including the municipality of Porto Grande. Due to the need to try to understand what has contributed so that malaria remains in a epidemic scenario in Porto Grande, it was sought to establish in this study, the epidemiological characterization of malaria in the city, with an emphasis on spatial distribution of cases in 2010. It was used as methodology the retrospective ecological study with descriptive and exploratory nature with a quantitative approach of the confirmed cases, obtained from the Notification Form of Malaria gathered from the Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP) - Location Module, and as technological support instruments, Geoprocessing and Geographic Information System tools were used. Epidemiological data showed that during the study period there were 2320 confirmed cases, from which 1849 (79.7%) were native, also imported cases from other countries, such as Guyana and Suriname and other Federal Units, mainly from Pará and Maranhão, as well as other municipalities of the own State of Amapá were computed. Regarding the spatial distribution of malaria cases by site of infection (urban or rural), it was observed that 22.8% were in urban areas and 76.7% in rural areas. In the test results, it was found the prevalence of P. vivax with 84%. The Annual Parasite Incidence of 128.1 per 1,000 population showed a value well above 50 cases/1000 inhabitants. By analyzing the scenario in this period, it is concluded that the values of this indicator signaled the municipality of Porto Grande as a high risk area to malaria contraction, mainly associated with the concentration of cases in rural areas, housing type, the installed capacity of health care network, the predominant economic activity is in the primary sector, plus the migration process as a result of economic activities, such as the installation of economic development projects in the region, the risk factors that contribute to the maintenance of the nosological context in the city