Análise do risco para desenvolver apneia obstrutiva do sono na atenção primária e sua relação com medidas antropométricas, pico de fluxo expiratório e presença de comorbidades

Abstract

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep. About one third of primary care patients, describe symptoms suggestive of OSA and despite its significant worldwide prevalence, little is known about the real risks of OSA in the community. Objective: Evaluate the risk of developing OSA in primary care individuals and its relations with anthropometric measurements, peak expiratory flow and the presence of comorbidities. Material and Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study involving individuals from a Basic Health Unit in the city of MacapáAP, both genders, ages from 18 years or older and who were evaluated by free demand. A physical therapy evaluation form has been used, containing anamnesis data, vital signs, anthropometric measurements and the evaluation of peak expiratory flow (PEF) through Peak Flow. The risk for OSA has been predicted in low, intermediate and high as measured by neck circumference, ideally adjusted for risk factors such as hypertension, snoring and choking awakening most nights. All data had been analyzed using the Statistica 10.0 software, where the main tests used were qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney U and one-way ANOVA, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The study sample was one hundred and fourteen (n = 114) individuals (77.1% women) aged 52.0 ± 12.1 years, classified as overweight according to body mass index (29.4 ± 8.3). There was a low risk prevalence (60.5%) for OSA; however, for males, a significant prevalence was also found for high risk (30.7%), demonstrating association with systemic arterial hypertension (p< 0,001), diabetes (p< 0,001) and obesity (p< 0,001). Besides that, anthropometric measurements had been significantly related to OSA risk, such as neck circumference (p <0.001), waist circumference (p <0.001), hip circumference (p <0.001) and body mass index (p=0,02), unrelated to predict% PEF (p = 0.65). Conclusions: The risk of developing OSA in primary care individuals were predominantly low, but there was also a prevalence of intermediate and high risk, especially in males, showing relation with neck circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference and body mass index. Hypertension, diabetes and obesity represented the main comorbities that contributed to the increased risk of OSA