Políticas de acesso para imigrantes e refugiados nas universidades federais da Amazônia

Abstract

The research is part of the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPGED) at the Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), within the research line "Educational Policies" and linked to the project "Research in Education in the Amazon: history, policies, teacher training, and cultural diversity." It is funded by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) through the Programa de Cooperação Acadêmica da Amazônia (PROCAD/AMAZÔNIA). The research problem is defined as: "How is access for immigrants and refugees implemented through special processes in undergraduate programs at federal universities in the Amazon?". The general objective is to analyze the access of immigrants and refugees through special processes in undergraduate programs at federal universities in the Amazon. The specific objectives are: i) To analyze educational policies for immigrants and refugees based on the guidelines of international organizations; ii) To investigate educational policies for immigrants and refugees in the socio-economic context of 21st-century Brazil; and iii) To discuss access policies for immigrants and refugees entering undergraduate programs at federal universities in the Amazon region. This is a documentary research study with a qualitative approach, based on the analysis of international and national documents that guide access policies to higher education for immigrants and refugees. The theoretical and methodological approach is rooted in historical and dialectical materialism, with Marx as its foundation. Data analysis will be conducted using content analysis. Among the 14 universities mapped in the region, 9 address immigrants and refugees in their discussions on educational policies. The data were grouped into three categories, such as: i) diploma validation; ii) affirmative actions; and iii) specific calls for applications. The data reveal that efforts to include these groups in higher education remain minimal, despite the implementation of policies in Brazil that advocate equity, universalization, inclusion, and free access. In summary, it is evident that the Amazon holds significant relevance in the context of migratory flows, as the Northern region has become the main gateway and residence for most asylum seekers. Regarding the research results, specific public notices were identified that facilitate the admission of immigrants, refugees, asylum seekers, individuals with humanitarian visas, asylees, stateless persons, and victims of human trafficking into higher education. These include: the Universidade Federal do Pará (PSE-MIGRE 2020.6), the Universidade Federal de Roraima (Public Notice No. 53/2019 – CPV and Public Notice No. 082/2019), and the Universidade Federal do Amazonas (Public Notice No. 24/2024-GR). These processes represent a modest advancement in securing the right to education for vulnerable groups. However, the lack of educational policies in the region highlights the invisibility of these rights holders in the Amazon.