Infestação por moscas-das-frutas em frutos de goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.) e seus parasitoides em uma propriedade rural, Mazagão, Amapá, Brasil

Abstract

Fruit growing is an important agricultural segment in Brazil, highlighting the country worldwide as the third largest producer of tropical and subtropical fruits. In the Amazon, it is the fourth main economic activity, losing to the extraction of iron ore, wood and livestock, which corresponds to 1.5% of Brazilian GDP. In the northern region, state of Amapa, the activity serves both to feed the families of farmers and to generate income to support these families. Fruit flies are a hindrance to the development of the sector, especially in developing countries with potential for fruit export. The objective of this work was to verify the fruit fly infestation and its parasitoids in guava fruits in a rural property in Mazagão-AP. The collection was performed once a month, from April 2018 to March 2019. In the laboratory, the fruits were placed in clear plastic bottles (15 cm in diameter) on a thin layer of sterile sand and covered with organza. Every three days, the sand contained in the flasks was examined and the pupae were transferred to other flasks and covered with moist vermiculite until the adults were obtained. The emerged exempt were sacrificed and transferred to properly labeled 70% ethanol glass vials for later identification. Thirty one samples of guava fruits were collected, and 27 of them (412 fruits; 28.1kg) presented fruit fly infestation. 1,939 pupae were obtained from which 1,414 insects emerged, of which 1,163 specimens of the genus Anastrepha (611 males and 552 females), 219 specimens of the genus Bactrocera (111 males and 108 females), 17 from the Lonchaeidae family (13 males and 4 females) and 10 parasitoids (7 males and 3 females) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and three dipterans of unknown family. Species Anastrepha striata (485), A. fraterculus (64), A. obliqua (3), Bactrocera carambolae and Doryctobracon areolatus (10) were identified. Guava is an excellent host plant for fruit fly species. Thus, the rates of fruit fly infestation are variable, but generally high. Anastrepha striata, A. fraterculus, A. obliqua, Bactrocera carambolae are the species that most infest guava fruits in the municipality of Mazagão. pecimens of Lonchaeidae co-infest guava fruits along with Anastrepha and Bactrocera species. Parasitoid insects act on the population regulation of fruit fly populations