Fatores de risco cardiovascular em policiais militares de um batalhão da polícia militar em Macapá, Amapá

Abstract

The objective of this study was to stratify the risk for cardiovascular diseases in military police officers in the state of Amapá. The study was carried out in the first Battalion of the Military Police in the state of Amapá, during the health inspection process for the police officers who were able to progress to their positions. To achieve the results, data collection was carried out through the evaluation of laboratory tests (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides), in the Polyclinic of the headquarters of the 1st Battalion of the Military Police. Health assessment was necessary to check blood pressure and waist circumference. An online questionnaire was sent to each participant, related to sociodemographic and economic research (ABEP), physical activity level (IPAQ) and Swedish demand-support scale. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS, version 26. Qualitative variables were characterized through absolute and relative frequencies. For the quantitative variables, the minimum, maximum, average and standard deviation. descriptive measures were used. The results were evaluated by Spearman's Correlation Coefficient and Fisher's exact test. The stress scale was reliable after applying Cronbach's internal consistency coefficient Alpha. The majority of the sample was composed of men (89.1%), with an average age of 41.2 years. A positive relationship was observed between increased cardiovascular risk with increasing age, in the age group of 50-56 years, with 54.5% with intermediate risk and 45.5% with high risk. High school workers had 28.6% at high / very high risk, compared with 9.2% of police officers with higher education. Longer working hours were strongly related to high risk (p <0.001). Workers in administrative sectors had a strong relationship with high risk (25.6% versus 3.2% in operational work). High cardiovascular risk was more present in workers with dyslipidemia (p = 0.014) and hypertension (p <0.001). 48.4% were overweight and 27.4% were obese, with a positive relationship between nutritional status and higher risk (p = 0.042). Significant positive correlations were found for total cholesterol (R = 0.251, p = 0.011), LDL (R = 0.270, p = 0.006) and triglycerides (R = 0.288, p = 0.003) with cardiovascular risk, indicating that the increase of total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride values leads to an increase in cardiovascular risk. Increased waist circumference is positively correlated with cardiovascular risk (R = 0.342, p = 0.010). 24.2% of police officers were sedentary and shows that an increase in the level of physical activity leads to a decrease in cardiovascular risk (R = -0.215, p = 0.031). There was no relationship with stress and cardiovascular risk. It is expected that the primary prevention of atherosclerosis will occur in a timely manner in this study population and that they will not only be evaluated at the time of promotion or when there are important symptoms.