Identificação de sintomas psicopatológicos em escolares e fatores de risco associados

Abstract

Mental disorders can affect children when external or internal situations change their behavior, directly or indirectly interfering with their psychological development, thus affecting their interpersonal relationships and their school performance. Therefore, early identification of children at risk of developing a mental disorder will allow early intervention, minimizing family suffering and making health and education professionals more vigilant. The most common psychopathological symptoms in childhood such as depression, anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, substance use disorder, conduct disorders and eating disorders. The aim of this research is to analyze psychopathological symptoms and associated factors. to them. This is a cross-sectional and exploratory study with a mixed approach (quantitative-qualitative) that will have as data collection instrument the Identification Scale of Psychopathological Symptoms in School (EISPE) and a sociodemographic questionnaire prepared by the researcher. For data analysis, descriptive and analytical analyzes were performed using the statistical program SPSS version 22.0. Qualitative data were analyzed using IRAMUTEQ software and content analysis. The research was conducted in the municipality of Ferreira Gomes-AP developed in two municipal and one state schools that cover the initial grades of elementary school. The project audience was 178 children aged 6 to 12 years enrolled in the municipal and state schools of Ferreira Gomes. Regarding the age group, most children were between 9 and 11 years old (64.0%), male (54.5%), born in the city of Macapá (62.4%), enrolled in the 3rd and 4th grade of elementary school (52.3%), family income less than one minimum wage (65.2%), unemployed responsible (66.9%), with social benefit (51.7%), without having moved house Due to the construction of the hydroelectric dam (83.1%), the construction of the hydroelectric dam did not bring benefits to the family (82.0%), no family member in psychiatric / psychological treatment (87.6%), no people close to the child alcohol / drug abuse (79.2%), and children who perform physical activity (79.2%). The most common psychopathological symptoms were related to conduct and attention. In the textual corpus resulting from the frequency of the students' speech, processed and analyzed by the IRAMUTEQ software, the words “sad”, “worried”, “fat”, “fear” and “father” were the most frequent. It concludes about the need for mental health promotion activities of these children and their families, including in the school environment, in order to reduce the risk factors related to the mental health of children and their families.