Avaliação da atividade gastroprotetora do extrato etanólico das cascas de Licania macrophylla Benth

Abstract

The species Licania macrophylla Bent., Popularly known as "anauerá" is a plant native to the Amazon and popularly used by local communities for the treatment of amoebic parasitoses, dysenteric disorders, such as cicatrizant and anti-inflammatory. In scientific studies showed activity against bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, and in a study of acute toxicity evaluation in rats presented no toxic potential. The present work aims to investigate the gastroprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of the bark of the stem of Licania macrophylla in rodents. For this, experimental models were used to mimic etiological factors of gastric lesions in man, such as absolute ethanol, acidified ethanol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In this study groups of five (5) animals were used for each test dose of the extract (100, 250 and 625 mg / kg), as well as for the control groups: negative (receiving vehicle only) and positive (carbenoxolone). After each experiment, the stomachs were evaluated for the following parameters: (a) total lesion area (mm2), (b) ulcer percentage (%), (c) ulcerative lesion index (ILU); (d) percent inhibition or cure (%). The ethanol extract of L. macrophylla (EELM) showed a gastroprotective effect, expressed as mean ± SEM, against gastric lesions induced by absolute ethanol, especially at doses of 250 and 625 mg / kg. EELM (100, 250 and 625 mg / kg) reduced, respectively, the total lesion area (155.45 ± 16.78, 95.73 ± 10.46, 33.29 ± 13.34), the percentage of ulcers (46.87 ± 3.95, 31.84 ± 3.92, 10.79 ± 1.88) and the ulcerative lesion index (460.76 ± 4.47, 271.17 ± 5.64, 92, 92 ± 5,82), promoting a percentage of cure at the doses tested (21.42 ± 8.45, 53.76 ± 5.71 and 84.15 ± 1.89), when compared with the negative control group. In the acidified ethanol induction model the results were similar, showing a significant decrease in the doses tested for the total injured area (97.15 ± 15.47, 60.86 ± 11.92, 11.83 ± 6.15), percentage of ulcers (31.90 ± 5.74, 21.24 ± 4.60, 4.19 ± 2.24) and ulcerative lesion index (284.01 ± 5.09, 169.77 ± 5.14, 57 , 50 ± 7.92) obtaining as a percentage of cure at the doses tested the values of 20.27 ± 2.91; 52.34 ± 4.83 and 83.86 ± 2.46, respectively. When the ulcers were induced by the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, the ethanol extract of L. macrophylla at all doses tested (100, 250 and 625 mg / kg) was able to provide a significant reduction for the parameters evaluated: a total lesion area (2.39 ± 0.78, 3.21 ± 1.43, 4.08 ± 0.83), the percentage of ulcers (0.40 ± 0.14, 0.63 ± 0.26; 0.65 ± 0.13) and ulcerative lesion index (4.54 ± 0.37, 5.05 ± 3.26, 5.61 ± 1.49), and cure rate (84.46 ± 1 , 33, 75.00 ± 3.71 and 72.27 ± 2.06). In view of the obtained results, we can conclude that L. macrophylla extract presents an antiulcerogenic action similar to a standard drug of clinical practice and that this effect in the models of absolute and acidified ethanol induction is characterized by a dose dependence profile. However, complementary studies will be necessary to elucidate the mechanisms involved in gastroprotective action.