Exame preventivo do câncer de colo uterino: conhecimento, atitude e prática de mulheres quilombolas no Amapá

Abstract

Cervical cancer is considered a persistent public health problem, a scenario that could be transformed through access to health services and adherence of women to Pap smears, an important tool for early detection of the disease, as well as support from family members and society in the search for preventive actions against the disease. Black women in this context need a different look when considering the morbidity and mortality rates in relation to white women. Given the above, the objective of this work is to analyze the knowledge, attitude and practice of quilombola women in Amapá about the preventive examination for cervical cancer. The study has a quantitative approach, of an applied nature, of the inquiry type, having as reference the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Survey (CAP) on the PCCU exam, being the study site the Quilombola community of Curiaú in the State of Amapá. The data were submitted to the SPSS version 25.0 program for the description of the statistical results, which were considered relevant with p<0.05, which made it possible to trace the following socioeconomic and anthropometric profile: age from 18 to 33 years (43.75% ), Catholic (92.50%), single (52.50%), complete high school (31.35%), without paid activity (41.25%), monthly family income from 1 to 2 minimum wages (37, 50%) and an average of five family members (36.25%). They were weight 69.34 (Me), height 161.06 (Me), Body Mass Index (BMI) 26.685 (Me), waist circumference (WC) 86.97 (Me), hip circumference (HC) 106 .77 (Me) and CC/CQ ratio index 0.8172 (Me). Thus, the study revealed that 42.50% are within the parameter considered normal for BMI and 68.75% have a low risk for the development of Chronic Non-Transmissible Diseases, of the Neoplastic type, according to CC/CQ. As for the evaluation of the CAP survey, 26.25% had adequate knowledge, 30% had adequate attitude and 37.5% had adequate practice, demonstrating a low proportional evaluation in relation to the PCCU exam. The statistical association between obesity and inadequate knowledge and attitude was highlighted, and high risk of neoplastic development, assessed by the CC/HC ratio with adequate knowledge, as well as BMI being the only ordinal factor that was related to the CAP survey. (p-value=0.018 of the Mann-Whitney test). Therefore, the level of knowledge, attitude and practice found in this population about the preventive examination raises a concern and also highlights the need for effective interventions to overcome the finding of overweight found, knowing that obesity is a risk factor for development of neoplasms. In this way, quality health education within quilombola communities can transform this reality and promote better adherence to the exam and better health conditions for women.