Caracterização das ações das peçonhas de Bothrops atrox e Crotalus durissus ruruima capturadas no Estado do Amapá e habilidade de soro antibotrópico e anticrotálico brasileiros na neutralização destas atividades

Abstract

The snakebites present high mortality rate, which represent a serious problem of public health, mainly in the tropical countries. Poisons of snakes such as Bothrops and Crotalus, are rich in enzymes of wide specificity spectrum that cause local tissues lesions and systemic alterations. The serotherapy is the only treatment scientifically validated for snakebites, being capable to revert the systemic effects of the poison in the individual's organism. However, modifications in the composition of the poisons for the preparation of the pool of antigens used in the immunization processes and obtaining of the antiophidic serum can affect the effectiveness of the process. The present study had as objective to characterize the actions of the poisons of snakes such as Bothrops atrox and Crotalus durissus ruruima, captured in the State of Amapá and to evaluate the ability of the antibotropic serum and Brazilian anticrotalic in the neutralization of these activities. It is an experimental study, with alive samples in and in vitro where were appraised the dependent variables: edema, nociception, infiltrated inflammatory, bleeding, miotoxicidy, lethality, coagulation, indirect hemlysis for phospholipase A2, hyaluronidasic activity and electrophoretic profile of the proteins of venoms. The results indicated that the antibotropic serum was effective in the neutralization of the activities of nociceptive (2nd phase), inflammatory (peritonite), bleeding, myotoxic, clotting and indirect hemolytic by phospholipase A2. However, the same didn't get to neutralize the oedema activity, to 1st phase of the nociception and the hyaluronidase activity. The electrophoretic profile showed that the present proteins in the poison of B. atrox, possessed molecular weight of approximately 14, 23 and 50 kDa. In relation to the anticrotalic serum, it was observed that it was effective in the neutralization of the indirect myotoxic, lethal, clotting activities by phospholipase A2, however the neutralization of the inflammatory activity was not observed (peritonite) and hyaluronidasic. The results also showed that the poison of C.d. ruruima didn't induce edema, nociception and hemorrhages, being like this, the samples were not accomplished with the anticrotalic serum in the neutralization of these activities. The electrophoretic profile of the poison of C.d. ruruima presented proteins with approximate molecular weight of 10, 14 and 32 kDa. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrated that as much the antibotropic serum as the anticrotalic serum were effective therapeutically in the neutralization of most of the effects unchained by the poisons of Bothrops atrox and Crotalus durissus ruruima which were captured in the State of Amapá