Alvenaria estrutural com blocos de concreto: viabilidade técnica e econômica para a construção de edifícios no Estado do Amapá

Abstract

The structural masonry with concrete blocks is a rationalized constructive system that has been consolidated more and more in Brazil, being widely used in buildings of low and medium height. In Amapá, there is no work record with the use of the structural masonry system in buildings, but rather the use of the structural masonry design in the walls and structural walls. Thus, it is relevant for the growth of the State that a research work is developed with the purpose of analyzing the technical and economic viability of structural masonry with concrete blocks in buildings in Amapá. This work aims to analyze the existence or not of this technical and economic feasibility for the development of the State. The hypothesis raised was that the use of the constructive system in structural masonry with concrete blocks has not been and is not used in the state of Amapá due to the lack of companies producing concrete blocks with proven quality and also by the lack of professionals with More in-depth knowledge of the subject. To prove this hypothesis, the concepts of the four most used construction systems in Brazil, the historical evolution of the structural masonry, as well as the necessary aspects for the creation of an architectural project were pointed out. Also highlighted were the structural elements used in the structural masonry, the verification of the production of concrete blocks in the amapaense market and the existence of skilled labor for the creation and execution of projects in structural masonry. The economic viability was analyzed based on the cost comparison of an architectural project of a six-story building, in structural masonry versus reinforced concrete. The main difference between systems lies in composition. While the conventional system (reinforced concrete) consists of the slab, pillar and beam system, the structural masonry system consists of slab and masonry only. The growth of the use of this constructive method in all Brazilian territory, added to the little material referring to this technique, demonstrates the relevance of the theme. It is also worth noting that the good practices used in this type of construction system have advantages in the physical-financial schedule in relation to the reinforced concrete system.