Determinação da concentração do elemento ferro e demais constituintes inorgânicos (zn, mg, mn, pb, cu, ni, cr) no solo, na folha, chá e tintura da Fridericia chica (Bonpl.) L. G. Lohmann

Abstract

The use of medicinal plants is a very common practice and widespread in many parts of the world, for medical purposes, treatment, cure and prevention of diseases. In addition, the plants are rich in metals that can be beneficial to health or not. The Fridericia chica (Bonpl.) L. G. Lohmann is a Bignoniaceae, with great occurrence in the Amazon region, being popularly known as "pariri", “cajuru”, “chica”, “cipó-pau” e “crejer”. The anti-anemic property of this species is reported on the popular medicine and described in the literature, but little attention has been given to the understanding of such property, as well as its mineral content. The iron deficiency anemia affects approximately two billion people in the whole planet, being in Brazil considered a public health problem of great magnitude. This study aimed to determine the concentration of the inorganic constituents (Fe, Zn, Mn, Mg, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Cr), with focus on the element iron, in soil, leaf, tea and tincture of F. chica, from the Institute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapá– IEPA and domestic environment, in the Fazendinha district, on the rainy and dry seasons of the amazon region. The analyzes of the samples were performed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, after their pre-treatment. In the soil, mean iron concentration presented a significant statistical difference (p <0.05) between the sites, mainly from the IEPA environment, which presented a higher average value (266.29 mg kg-1) than the mean value (248.30 mg kg-1) of the District Fazendinha. On the rainy season, the iron was found in the higher concentration in the dried leaves of Fazendinha’s environment (25.88 μg g-1) when compared to IEPA´S environment (19.48 μg g-1). In the analyzed samples of tea (leaves in natura), the magnesium was the major mineral for both decoction (133.62 – 103.49 μg g-1) and infusion (102.80 – 91.30 μg g-1) in the two amazon stations, with significant statistical difference (p <0.05). The decoction of leaves, in general, was the most efficient method in the extraction of almost all the elements (except for iron and Zn). In tincture, magnesium was the mineral with the highest extraction (2.06 μg g-1 IEPA and 2.04 μg g-1 Fazendinha), in the rainy season. The iron metal had a more efficient extraction in the tea samples when compared to the tincture samples (1.62 μg g-1 IEPA and 1.46 μg g-1 Fazendinha), in the dry season, especially that obtained by infusion (5.65 μg g-1) of Fazendinha, presenting statistical significance (p <0.05). Therefore, this plant species presents a considerable content of iron in the aerial parts (leaves), being its greater concentration obtained from the aqueous extracts (teas) in relation to the hydroalcoholic ones (tinctures), in the dry season. The Magnesium was the major element in both infusion, decoction and tincture. In a set these results demonstrate that there is a need for improvement in the extraction process of Fe to prepare phytotherapic products, in addition, such extracts can be considered as probable sources of nutritional supplementation of mineral nutrients in the human diet, due to the function of these in many biochemical processes and physiological