Lei n. 12.711/2012: trajetória histórica, limites da ação afirmativa e aplicabilidade na Universidade Federal do Amapá – UNIFAP (2013 a 2020)

Abstract

This dissertation seeks to analyze the implementation of the Affirmative Action instituted by Law n. 12.711/2012, at the Federal University of Amapá, in the light of the Critical Theory of Race -TCR. Its General Objective is to analyze: In the light of the Critical Theory of Race - TCR, how was Law n. 12.711/2012, at the Federal University of Amapá, regarding the applicability and limits of Affirmative Action. And as specific objectives: a) Understand the historical process of mobilization of the black population, prioritizing their strategies of access to Education, which culminated in the adoption of Affirmative Actions by the Brazilian State; b) Contextualize, in the light of Human Rights, the legal frameworks that contributed to the consolidation of Affirmative Action Policies as a promoter of access to Universities for blacks and non-blacks; c) Identify the social and political processes that contributed to disfigure Law 12,711/2012 from its Affirmative Action proposal; and d) Analyze the indicators, through the variation of admission, permanence and completion in UNIFAP undergraduate courses, with a focus on black racial quota holders. To follow the itinerary proposed in this study, I adopted as an epistemological basis, the Critical Theory of Race - TCR, (CRENSHAW, 2002), which works with the concept of race as a central category of analysis, prioritizing the narrative of black people as subjects of History. We used as an analysis technique, the hermeneuticdialectical method of Minayo (1992) which allows both to interpret the meanings of elaborated discourses (hermeneutics) and to understand their meanings, through contradiction, of the historical and social context in which they were constituted (dialectic). The methodlogical approach was qualitative and quantitative. The data collection instruments were: semistructured interviews and documental research. As a result, it was observed that UNIFAP proved to be refractory to the adoption of Affirmative Action and, at the time it is unaware, it resists understanding the historical and social processes that preceded its creation, as well as measuring its importance for the education of the black population, of society Brazilian and Amapá and from the University itself. It has incipient administrative controls that do not allow the production of statistical data and social indicators that guide the creation of policies to improve admission, permanence and didactic-pedagogical guidance to quota holders. The social controls of the Policy indicate a low approximation between the Institution and the community in which it is inserted, above all, with the Black Movement of Amapá.